Alcohol and Opioids: The Deadly Risk of Mixing Them

Alcohol and Opioids: The Deadly Risk of Mixing Them

Alcohol & Opioid Risk Calculator

Understand Your Risk

This tool calculates the increased risk of breathing suppression when mixing alcohol with opioids based on scientific research. Remember: there is no safe amount of alcohol when taking opioids.

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Risk Assessment

Risk Level:
Breathing Reduction: 0%
Important: This tool shows the statistical risk based on medical research. There is no safe amount of alcohol when taking opioids. Even one drink can be lethal.

What This Means

Low risk: Breathing reduction below 20% (unlikely to be fatal)

Medium risk: Breathing reduction between 20% and 40% (significantly increased risk of overdose)

High risk: Breathing reduction over 40% (potentially fatal without immediate medical help)

When you take opioids for pain and have a drink at dinner, you might think it’s harmless. After all, millions do it. But here’s the truth: alcohol and opioids together can shut down your breathing - and kill you faster than either substance alone.

Why This Combination Is So Dangerous

Both alcohol and opioids are central nervous system depressants. That means they slow down your brain’s control over vital functions - especially breathing. Alone, they’re risky. Together, they don’t just add up. They multiply.

A 2017 study found that 20mg of oxycodone alone reduced breathing by 28%. Add just enough alcohol to hit a blood alcohol level of 0.1% - the legal limit for driving in most U.S. states - and breathing dropped another 19%. The result? More pauses in breathing, longer ones, and a much higher chance of stopping altogether. This isn’t theoretical. It’s been measured in labs, confirmed in emergency rooms, and seen in autopsies.

The FDA issued a black-box warning in 2016 - the strongest possible alert - telling doctors and patients: do not mix alcohol with prescription opioids. That warning came after data showed alcohol was involved in nearly 20% of all opioid-related deaths. That’s not a small number. That’s one in five.

Who’s Most at Risk

It’s not just people using street drugs. Many of those who die from this mix are taking legally prescribed painkillers - like hydrocodone (Vicodin), oxycodone (OxyContin), or fentanyl patches - and drinking socially. Older adults are especially vulnerable. Their bodies process both substances slower, and their lungs are less able to compensate when breathing slows.

Men are more likely to die from this combination. Texas data from 2010 to 2019 showed 77% of alcohol-opioid deaths were among men. But women aren’t safe. The risk is just as real - and often overlooked because it’s less visible.

People on methadone for opioid use disorder are at even higher risk. One study found those who drank alcohol while on methadone were 4.6 times more likely to die from an overdose than those who didn’t. That’s not a typo. That’s a staggering increase.

It’s Not Just Prescription Opioids

Fentanyl - the synthetic opioid behind most overdose deaths today - is especially deadly when mixed with alcohol. From 2010 to 2019, alcohol involvement in fentanyl deaths jumped from 9% to 17%. Heroin deaths also saw alcohol in 13-20% of cases during that time. Even buprenorphine, often used to treat addiction, becomes more dangerous with alcohol. In one study, 30% of buprenorphine-related fatal overdoses had alcohol in the system.

And it’s not just alcohol and opioids. Many people also take benzodiazepines - like Xanax or Valium - for anxiety or sleep. When alcohol joins that mix, it creates a triple threat. In 2021, nearly 14% of opioid overdose deaths also involved benzodiazepines. Add alcohol, and the risk skyrockets.

Split-image of a woman fading into a ghostly form as alcohol and opioids disrupt her breathing pattern in stylized Art Deco design.

How It Kills: The Mechanism

Your brain controls breathing automatically. Opioids bind to receptors in your brainstem and tell it to slow down. Alcohol does the same thing - but through different pathways. When both are present, they overwhelm the system. Your breathing becomes shallow, then irregular, then stops.

The worst part? You won’t feel it coming. There’s no warning sign like chest pain or dizziness. You might just feel sleepy, then fall into a deep unconsciousness. By the time someone notices you’re not breathing, it’s often too late.

Post-mortem toxicology reports show that alcohol lowers the amount of opioid needed to cause death. Someone who could safely take 40mg of oxycodone sober might die from just 20mg if they’ve had even one drink.

What Doctors Are Doing About It

The American Society of Addiction Medicine now requires doctors to screen patients for alcohol use disorder before prescribing opioids. Why? Because patients with alcohol use disorder are 3.2 times more likely to overdose on opioids.

The FDA now mandates that all opioid packaging and patient education materials include clear warnings about alcohol. Manufacturers must include this information by law. But it’s not enough. Many patients still don’t read the labels. Or they think, “I only have one glass.”

In 2023, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) launched the “Don’t Mix” campaign with $15 million in funding to raise awareness. Their goal: reduce alcohol-opioid overdose deaths by 10% by 2025.

A heroic figure blocks a collision of alcohol and opioid vortexes with a giant red stop sign, symbolizing overdose prevention.

What You Can Do

If you’re prescribed an opioid:

  • Absolutely avoid alcohol - even one drink.
  • Don’t assume “a little” is safe. There’s no safe level when combined.
  • Ask your doctor if your medication has a black-box warning for alcohol.
  • If you’re in recovery from opioid use, stay away from alcohol. It’s not just a trigger - it’s a lethal risk.
If you know someone using opioids and alcohol:

  • Carry naloxone. It can reverse an opioid overdose - even if alcohol is involved.
  • Know the signs: slow or shallow breathing, blue lips, unresponsiveness.
  • Call emergency services immediately. Don’t wait. Don’t try to “sleep it off.”

The Bigger Picture

In 2022, over 107,900 people in the U.S. died from drug overdoses. More than 80% of those involved multiple substances - and alcohol was a major player in nearly half of opioid deaths. Globally, the World Health Organization reports over 118,000 opioid-related deaths in 2021, with alcohol co-ingestion significantly increasing the risk.

This isn’t just a medical issue. It’s a public health crisis fueled by misinformation, stigma, and the false belief that “moderation” makes it safe.

Research from the University of Pittsburgh in June 2023 found a potential early warning sign: reduced heart rate variability. This biomarker could predict 83% of alcohol-opioid overdose cases 30 minutes before breathing stops. Future wearables might one day alert users before it’s too late.

But we can’t wait for technology. We need action now.

Final Reality Check

If you’re taking opioids for pain, your body is already under stress. Adding alcohol doesn’t make you feel better - it makes you more likely to die. No amount of social drinking is worth that risk.

The data doesn’t lie. The warnings are clear. The deaths are real.

You don’t need to be an addict to be in danger. You just need to believe it’s okay to mix them.

It’s not.

Can I have one drink if I’m on a low dose of opioids?

No. Even a single drink can dangerously increase the risk of respiratory depression when mixed with opioids. The interaction is unpredictable and can happen at any dose. There is no safe amount of alcohol when taking opioids.

Does naloxone work if alcohol is involved in the overdose?

Yes. Naloxone reverses opioid overdoses, even when alcohol is present. It does not reverse alcohol poisoning, but it can restore breathing if opioids are the main cause. Always call emergency services - naloxone is not a cure-all.

Are over-the-counter painkillers like codeine safe with alcohol?

No. Codeine is an opioid, even if it’s available over the counter in some places. Mixing it with alcohol increases the risk of overdose, especially in people who metabolize codeine quickly into morphine. Never combine it with alcohol.

What if I’m on methadone or buprenorphine for addiction treatment?

Alcohol is especially dangerous in these cases. People on methadone who drink are nearly five times more likely to die from an overdose. Buprenorphine also becomes more toxic with alcohol. Abstinence is the safest choice.

Why don’t more people know this?

Because the message has been buried under stigma, misinformation, and the normalization of drinking. Many assume opioids are only dangerous if abused. But the science shows even prescribed use with alcohol can be fatal. Public health campaigns are finally addressing this, but awareness is still too low.

Can mixing alcohol and opioids cause long-term damage even without an overdose?

Yes. Repeated mixing can damage the brain’s breathing control centers, worsen liver function, and increase the risk of developing dependence on both substances. Even if you never overdose, you’re still putting your body under chronic stress that can lead to long-term health problems.

Comments (15)

  1. Tyler Wolfe
    Tyler Wolfe

    man i never realized how dangerous this was even with just one drink
    i thought it was just for addicts or people on high doses
    my uncle took oxycodone for back pain and had a beer every night
    he’s fine… or at least he was until last year

  2. Neil Mason
    Neil Mason

    so this is why my cousin overdosed at 42
    he was on hydrocodone after surgery and said he "just needed a glass of wine to relax"
    turns out that glass was 3
    and he never woke up
    rip dude

  3. Andrea Gracis
    Andrea Gracis

    i had no idea alcohol made opioids so much more deadly
    my mom is on fentanyl patches and drinks wine every night
    i’m gonna talk to her tomorrow
    thank you for posting this

  4. Matthew Wilson Thorne
    Matthew Wilson Thorne

    the science is clear.
    the data is irrefutable.
    the rest is noise.

  5. April Liu
    April Liu

    you’re not alone if you’ve been mixing them 😔
    but you’re not doomed either
    it’s never too late to stop
    and if you’re scared to talk to your doctor
    just say "i read something online and got worried"
    they’ve heard it all before
    you’re not being dramatic
    you’re being smart 💪

  6. Mirian Ramirez
    Mirian Ramirez

    okay so i’ve been on buprenorphine for two years and i still have a glass of wine on weekends
    and i thought i was being responsible because i only have one
    but now i’m reading that 30% of buprenorphine deaths had alcohol in the system
    and i just started crying
    i didn’t know it was that bad
    and now i’m not sure if i can quit
    but i’m gonna try
    for me
    for my kids
    for the fact that i don’t want to be another statistic
    thank you for making me face this
    it’s hard to admit you’ve been risking your life for something you thought was harmless

  7. Kika Armata
    Kika Armata

    obviously, if you’re mixing alcohol and opioids, you’re either clinically ignorant or willfully negligent
    the FDA issued a black-box warning in 2016
    the WHO has published data since 2018
    and yet people still think "one drink" is safe
    it’s not ignorance-it’s arrogance
    and it’s killing people
    and honestly, the fact that this even needs to be said is depressing

  8. Herbert Lui
    Herbert Lui

    we live in a world where we’re told to "listen to your body"
    but when your body’s been chemically hijacked by two depressants
    it stops talking
    it just… shuts down
    and you never hear it coming
    it’s like your soul hits pause
    and no one’s there to hit play again
    we’re not just talking about overdoses
    we’re talking about silent disappearances
    one night you’re laughing at a dinner table
    the next, you’re a name on a coroner’s list
    and your family’s left wondering why you didn’t listen
    but you didn’t know
    and that’s the tragedy

  9. Nick Zararis
    Nick Zararis

    PLEASE. DO NOT. MIX. ALCOHOL. AND. OPIOIDS.
    EVER.
    NOT. ONE. DRINK.
    NOT. EVEN. ONE.
    IT. IS. NOT. WORTH. IT.
    AND. IF. YOU. DO.
    YOU. ARE. PLAYING. RUSSIAN. ROULETTE.
    WITH. YOUR. BREATHING.
    AND. YOUR. LIFE.
    AND. YOUR. FAMILY’S. FUTURE.

  10. Sara Mörtsell
    Sara Mörtsell

    the fact that people still ask "can i have one drink?" proves how broken our public health messaging is
    we treat addiction like a moral failure instead of a medical crisis
    and we let people die because we’d rather shame them than save them
    and now we’re surprised when they don’t read the labels
    because nobody ever taught them how to live
    we just told them what not to do
    without showing them what to do instead
    and that’s why this keeps happening

  11. Rhonda Gentz
    Rhonda Gentz

    there’s a quiet kind of grief that comes from knowing someone died from something preventable
    not from a bullet or a fall or a car crash
    but from a glass of wine and a pill they thought was safe
    it’s not dramatic
    it’s not heroic
    it’s just… quiet
    and it lingers
    long after the headlines fade

  12. Alexa Ara
    Alexa Ara

    you’re not weak for needing pain relief
    and you’re not weak for wanting to unwind
    but you’re strong when you choose to protect yourself
    and that means saying no to alcohol
    even when it’s hard
    even when everyone else is drinking
    you’re not missing out
    you’re staying alive
    and that’s the ultimate win 🙏

  13. Olan Kinsella
    Olan Kinsella

    they say alcohol and opioids kill slowly
    but they’re wrong
    it’s not slow
    it’s a whisper
    and by the time you hear it
    it’s already too late
    and the worst part?
    you’ll never know you were dying
    you’ll just… stop
    like a candle blown out by a breeze you didn’t feel
    and the world will keep spinning
    and no one will know why you didn’t wake up
    because you trusted the lie that "just one" is safe

  14. Kat Sal
    Kat Sal

    if you’re reading this and you’re still drinking while on opioids
    take a breath
    you’re not a bad person
    you just didn’t know
    and now you do
    so tell your doctor
    tell a friend
    tell your mom
    and then… take a day without alcohol
    just one day
    and see how you feel
    you might be surprised
    you might feel lighter
    you might feel alive
    and that’s the first step
    you got this 💕

  15. Rebecca Breslin
    Rebecca Breslin

    obviously the real problem is that people don’t understand pharmacology
    alcohol potentiates GABA receptors and opioids bind mu-receptors
    the synergy is well-documented since the 90s
    and yet we still have this cultural blind spot
    it’s not about willpower
    it’s about education
    and if your doctor didn’t explain this properly
    they failed you
    and now you’re paying the price
    so stop blaming yourself
    and start demanding better care

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